Spatial Light Modulators in Three Minutes

A spatial light modulator (SLM) uses liquid crystal materials driven electrically to change the amplitude, phase or polarization state of light waves, modulating the spatial distribution of a beam. Amplitude SLMs use TN and VA modes, phase SLMs use ECB mode, and reflective optical paths generally require an oblique incidence angle of less than 5°. The device has been used in 3D printing and lithography, super-resolution microscopy, holographic imaging and atmospheric turbulence simulation.